Crude Oil, Alkanes and Alkenes

Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Earth Resources and Metals, Age 11-14, Age 14-16

The Crude Oil PowerPoint outlines the fact that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. The PowerPoint Alkanes and Alkenes discusses how crude oil is separated via fractional distillation, the properties and uses of alkanes and alkenes, cracking, and polymerisation leading to the production of plastics. Worksheet answers appear in the presentation. Several animations throughout. [17 Slides]


1CRUDE OILNext[S. Ball 2003]Crude Oil07/10/2009http://teachable.net/res.asp?r=11042Crude Oil
Crude oil is a fossil fuel and formed from the remains of tiny organisms that lived many millions of years ago.
When the organisms died they sank down to the bottom of the ocean where there is little or no air present.
In the absence of air they could not rot down and subsequently all the energy remains.
NextBack[S. Ball 2003]Crude Oil07/10/20093Crude Oil
The remains of the organisms become buried deeper and deeper and are subjected to high temperatures and pressures converting them to oil.
The oil become trapped in the Earth s Crust where it can be extracted by oil rigs.
NextBackCrude Oil07/10/20094Crude Oil
One of the world s most important raw materials is crude oil.
From crude oil we get many useful products.NextBackCrude Oil07/10/20095Crude Oil
Crude Oil contains lots of different compounds.
These compounds are called HYDROCARBONS and each has its own use.NextBackCrude Oil07/10/20096Elements Mixtures and Compounds.
An element is a substance which only contains one type

1Hydrocarbons
As the name suggests a hydrocarbon is a substance which only contains hydrogen and carbons atoms.NextBackOil07/10/2009HydrogenCarbonhttp://teachable.net/res.asp?r=11042Crude Oil
The molecules of hydrocarbons in crude oil vary in size and also properties.NextBackOil07/10/20093ALKANES
The spine of a hydrocarbon is made up of a chain of carbons.
These carbons are joined to each other by single covalent carbon-carbon bonds.
When all the carbon-carbon bonds are single we say that it is Saturated and it is known as an ALKANE.
NextBackOil07/10/2009CHHCHHCHHHCHHCHHHOR4Naming Alkanes Worksheet AnswersNextBackOil07/10/20095Properties of Alkanes
The longer the hydrocarbon chain (the more the number of carbons in the chain):
The higher its boiling point;
The less volatile it is (it doesn t vaporise easily);
The less easily it flows (the more viscous it is);
The less easily it ignites (the less flammable it is)NextBackOil07/10/20096NextBackOil07/10/2009Fractionating Column7Fractionating Column
The crude oil is heated at a high temperature.
Each fraction boils at a different temperature and when they condense they are collected.
Each fraction contains similar Alkanes.
Distillation is the process by