Cholera - Mechanism and Data Handling

1Cholerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Vibrio_cholerae.jpgTeachable.net 2008. Some rights reserved.
http://teachable.net/res.asp?r=2057
2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Illu_small_intestine.jpg3LumenEpithelial
cell4Cell membranes have several proteins attached to them5Vibrio cholerae6Secretes a toxin7A which binds to a protein8APart of the toxin enters the cell and binds to a protein9AAn enzyme begins to make a messenger molecule and keeps making it 10AcAMPThis messenger turns on a chloride pump Cl- and keeps it turned on 11AcAMPThis gives the lumen a high chloride concentrationCl-(lowers its water potential)12ACl-Water
Na+ which pulls water in by osmosis which gives you diarrhoea up to a litre per hour until you die13Which is why cholera
wards look like this http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cholera_hospital_in_Dhaka.jpg14A sodium/glucose co-transport molecule which is why ORS (oral rehydration solution) contains glucoseNa+Glucose15http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/assets/library/081124nipcholera--122753731514380600.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cholera_rehydration_nurses.jpgURL of image of Zimbabwean child with with

Cholera
Colour and add labels
( Active transport of chloride ions (Cl-)
( Epithelial cell
( Lumen
( Messenger (cAMP)
( Diffusion of sodium ions (Na+)
( Osmosis (diffusion of water)
( Toxin (parts A and B)
( Vibrio cholerae

Add numbers or arrows (or both)
Vibrio cholerae secretes a toxin
Toxin binds to protein
Part A stimulates enzyme to make cAMP
cAMP stimulates chloride pump
Chloride lowers water potential of lumen
Loss of sodium (diffusion) and water (osmosis)
There is another transport protein which involves Na+ and glucose
Draw and label it
This transport is an active / a passive process. It is the basis of ORS which stands for
Zimbabwe Cholera Outbreak Data Handling Worksheet
This graph shows the cumulative number of deaths . Draw a best fit line.
What does cumulative mean?
How many people will have died
by 8th December?
by 20th December?
by Christmas?
Should your line be a straight line or a curve?
Why?

Is it safe to extrapolate beyond the data?
Why / Why not

Which factors affect reliability

1Cholera in ZimbabweSlides to accompany data-handling worksheet.
The UN Reports button links to a URL. (The daily reports give the appropriate data)
These reports are what the news bulletins were quoting.MapsUN ReportsGraphsTeachable.net 2008. Some rights reserved.
http://teachable.net/res.asp?r=20572UN ReportsGraphshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:LocationZimbabwe.svg3http://ochaonline.un.org/zimbabwe/SituationReports/tabid/3047/language/en-US/Default.aspxZimbabwe Cholera Deaths4http://ochaonline.un.org/zimbabwe/SituationReports/tabid/3047/language/en-US/Default.aspxZimbabwe Cholera Cholera