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Shapes Of Molecules And Ions

Age 16-18 (A-level)

An introduction to the shapes of molecules and electron pair repulsion theory. The presentation explains how to determine molecule shapes, and includes examples of well known compounds with excellent diagrams, animations and test questions. The worksheet is a good summary of key points and also includes some exercises.



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Published 12 Aug 2008

Contributed by Joanne Nicholson — Experienced contributor

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1 review

Jennifer Howes - Admin

Excellent, detailed resources on this topic. Diagrams are good quality and the presentation well structured. Each point is clearly explained and followed up with test questions.

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Extracts from this resource

Shapes Of Molecules And Ions

1SHAPES OF MOLECULES AND IONS1Foundation Chemistryhttp://teachable.net/res.asp?r=149622The electron pair repulsion theoryFinding out the shape of a molecule is easy!3ELECTRON PAIR REPULSION THEORY THE SHAPE ADOPTED BY A SIMPLE MOLECULE OR ION IS THAT WHICH KEEPS REPULSIVE FORCES TO A MINIMUM Molecules contain covalent bonds. As covalent bonds consist of a pair of electrons each bond will repel other bonds.Bonds are further apart so repulsive forces are lessBonds are closer together so repulsive forces are greaterAll bonds are equally spaced out as far apart as possibleBonds will therefore push each other as far apart as possible to reduce the repulsive forces.
Because the repulsions are equal the bonds will also be equally spaced4REGULAR SHAPESMolecules or ions possessing ONLY BOND PAIRS of electrons fit into a set of standard shapes. All the bond pair-bond pair repulsions are equal.
All you need to do is to count up the number of bond pairs and chose one of the following

Shapes of molecules theory sheet lecturer

Shapes of Molecules
In this topic you will cover the following learning outcome:
By the end of this topic you will be able to:-
Understand the valence shell electron repulsion theory
Use the electron repulsion theory to determine the shape of a molecule
Know the shapes of molecules without lone pairs of electrons
Understand how lone pairs of electrons affect the shape of molecules
Be able to give examples of molecules with lone pairs of electrons
Be able to determine the shapes of simple ions




The Shapes of Simple Covalent Molecules
To work out the shape of a simple covalent molecule you simply following the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR)! All you need to do is work out how many electrons there are at the bonding level and then arrange them to produce the minimum amount of repulsion between them. You have to include both bonding pairs and lone pairs.
So basically the electron pairs want to be as

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